An Introduction to Douglas-fir

AN INTRODUCTION TO NEW ZEALAND GROWN DOUGLAS-FIR

 

Great homes tend to start with a clear intention. A clear purpose and objective; why am I doing this? What do I want to achieve – not just structurally, but personally?

Whether you are building for a good time, or building for a long time. If you’ve chosen to build with timber, there are timbers suited to both. One of our preferred timbers, the topic of this article, is locally grown Douglas-fir.

 Photos on this page are of the Fiordland Lodge in Te Anau whose owners chose Douglas-fir as one of their main building materials after staying in similar lodges in Alaska. Besides having the ‘wow’ factor and aesthetic qualities they were after, their builder recommended it for practical reasons – in particular its durability, and stability. We weren’t involved in the Fiordland Lodge in any way but really admire the design and construction – what a beauty!

Natural finish New Zealand Douglas-fir timber featured in luxury lodge
Photo - Executive Suite at the Fiordland Lodge in Te Anau.

Douglas-fir originates from the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. and Canada. It’s one of the world’s most important and valuable trees, prized both for its ecological role and as a renewable building material known for its immense strength. Mature Douglas-fir can live for over 1,500 years and comfortably reach heights of 100 metres along the coast of British Columbia, Canada. It was introduced to New Zealand in 1859 with large-scale planting from around 1900, so by the time those plantings were ready for harvest in the 1930s and 1940s, it started to alleviate some of the stress being put on our precious Kauri and Rimu trees, which unfortunately had been hit hard by the antiquated logging practices of the time. Douglas-fir accounts for around 5% of New Zealand’s total plantation area today so it’s still quite niche. 

Notably strong and durable, Douglas-fir is most commonly used for structural and engineering purposes. Harvestable within 35-40 years, it’s also a hard-working contributor to our climate goals: Douglas-fir can store an average of 200 tonnes of carbon per hectare at 40 years of age (Scion).

Untreated Douglas-fir beams in eco-friendly high-end New Zealand architecture
Photo - Great Room at the Fiordland Lodge.

 

Untreated Douglas-fir for indoor air quality

If you’ve ever spent time in a home built with untreated timber, you’ll know the feeling – the smell and atmosphere are unmistakably calm and soothing. In the case of Douglas-fir, these sensations come with an added benefit: it has the lowest formaldehyde and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emissions of all the major building timbers when air-dried.

Formaldehyde is typically associated with manufactured products, but it occurs naturally in timber too – and it’s a serious toxin when inhaled in significant amounts. That’s why strict regulations exist to limit formaldehyde emissions in indoor environments.

Untreated Douglas-fir offers one of the most natural and safe timber experiences available. It doesn’t require chemical treatment for most interior applications and emits less than 15% of the vapours permitted under building codes. As carpenters, that’s one of the many reasons we love working with it – we know we are safe to breathe without wearing face masks, it’s safe to handle without gloves or goggles and off-cuts can be safely burned. Plus we don’t even need to wash our work clothes separately!

For anyone with sensitive lungs or a focus on health-conscious building materials, untreated Douglas-fir is well worth considering.

Premium Douglas-fir timber framing at the Fiordland Lodge
Special thanks to the Fiordland Lodge for allowing us to use their photos.

We started this article by noting that great homes tend to start with a well-considered purpose. And nestled among the rich history of Douglas-fir in New Zealand we have encountered some terrific custodians of the land and forests, who’ve shown a lot of foresight and purpose over the years to understand the long-term payoffs of investing in premium timber like Douglas-fir. As well as New Zealand’s various forestry research groups investigating ways timber’s potential can be better utilised for warmer, healthier and better homes, along with global issues like carbon sequestration and sustainable building.

Close to our farm at Mohaka River (near Napier) we have several exceptional Douglas-fir plantations. We make regular visits to each where we sight and fell the best available trees for our projects. And if you happen to be near Napier and you are interested in forestry, or just want a relaxing walk among 500 species of native and imported trees (!), we’d well recommend a stop in at Holt Forest near Lake Tūtira. This is a neat local attraction where anyone can experience the wonder of the forest up close.

 

Further reading

BioResources (2013). Understanding of Formaldehyde Emissions from Solid Wood: An Overview. Link

New Zealand Douglas-fir. Link

Polymers (2020). Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Wood and Wood-Based Panels: Methods for Evaluation, Potential Health Risks, and Mitigation. Link

SCION. Douglas-fir. Link 

Taranaki Regional Council. Douglas-fir. Sustainable Land Management Programme. Link

United States Environmental Protection Agency (n.d.). Volatile Organic Compounds’ Impact on Indoor Air Quality. Link

World Health Organization (2010). WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants. [Formaldehyde]. Link

 

Timber, Time, and Thought

Building for Generations: Some Thoughts on Homes That Endure

Time is rarely discussed, yet it is a fundamental ingredient in any building project. The quality of the final result reflects not just the hours spent on construction, but a broader investment of time. This includes the years it takes to build the wealth necessary to afford quality building materials, the decades required to grow premium hardwoods, the time devoted to making decisions that ensure the building truly reflects one’s legacy, and the long journey of certain builders to master the craftsmanship needed to meet the high standards of discerning clients. In every sense, time invested is the foundation of enduring quality. 

Timber buildings – ranging from 1,400-year-old Buddhist temples in Japan, to 900-year-old stave churches in Norway and Sweden, to the many timber structures over 800 years old across Europe and beyond – are still standing today, attesting to the craftsmanship and cultures that built them. While most temples, churches and historical buildings of note have been destroyed or altered throughout history, the few that have endured continue to tell their stories. And in fact, the longer these structures survive, the more significant they become, as historical timber buildings become rarer with time.

Being able to tell a story through a home is a rare and meaningful gift. We often call these places legacy homes – homes that are not only enjoyed in the present but are built to last, to be passed down through generations. They store more than just physical value; they carry the memories, identity, and legacy of a family.

New Zealand’s Building Code in contrast only requires modern buildings to last 50 years. Which feels like a low bar, especially in an age of advanced materials and technology – and particularly when our ancestors were building timber structures that have stood for over 1,400 years (so far).

Traditional English barn home with exposed trusses
Photo - High Country Homes' 2025 Home of the Year winner.

 

We have the choice to build homes that last. Often, it simply comes down to time – taking the time to work and accumulate some wealth, to consider your legacy, and to make wise decisions about the materials and methods used to build your home. Most houses built with synthetic materials are demolished within a single lifetime, leaving behind a pile of toxic waste. But a few well-built homes made from slow-grown timber endure – and will continue to stand for generations to come.